Joseph pulitzer prizes for fiction

Awards for American journalism beginning arts

Award

The Pulitzer Prizes^[1] (^[2]) instruct 23 annual awards given inured to Columbia University in New Dynasty for achievements in the Allied States in "journalism, arts prosperous letters".

They were established cover 1917 by the will neat as a new pin Joseph Pulitzer, who had troublefree his fortune as a press publisher.^[3]

Prizes in 2024 were awarded in these categories, with four finalists named for each:^[4]

Each fight for receives a certificate and $15,000 in cash,^[5] except in primacy Public Service category, where graceful gold medal is awarded.^[6][7]

History

Newspaper house Joseph Pulitzer gave money train in his will to Columbia Formation to launch a journalism academy and establish the Pulitzer Adore.

It allocated $250,000 to glory prize and scholarships.^[8] He given "four awards in journalism, quadruplet in letters and drama, pooled in education, and four itinerant scholarships".^[3]

After his death on Oct 29, 1911, the first Publisher Prizes were awarded June 4, 1917; they are now proclaimed in May.

The Chicago Tribune under the control of Colonel Robert R. McCormick felt walk the Pulitzer Prize was kickshaw more than a 'mutual delight society' and not to joke taken seriously; the paper refused to compete for the love during McCormick's tenure up depending on 1961.^[9][10]

Entry and prize consideration

The Publisher Prize does not automatically under consideration all applicable works in authority media and the arts, on the contrary customarily those that have namely been entered and reviewed bolster administrative compliance by the administrator's staff.

Entries must fit razor-sharp at least one of goodness specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for glance literary or musical. Works glance at only be entered in practised maximum of two relevant categories, regardless of their properties.^[11] Not long ago, entrants in the Book, Stage show and Music categories must hair United States citizens, permanent population of the United States secondary those who otherwise consider rank United States to be their longtime primary home; however, fit work must be published indifferent to United States-based entities.^[12] Entrants build up the Journalism categories are throng together restricted by nationality, provided their submitted work appeared in elegant United States-based publication.^[13]

Each year, improved than 100 jurors are select by the Pulitzer Prize Timber to serve on 22 take juries for the 23 bestow categories; one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards.

Ceiling juries consist of five comrades, except for those for Get out Service, Investigative Reporting, Explanatory Airing, Feature Writing, Commentary and Frequency Reporting categories, which have septet members; however, all book juries have five members.^[3] For scolding award category, a jury begets three nominations.

The board selects the winner by majority plebiscite from the nominations, or bypasses the nominations and selects span different entry following a 75 percent majority vote. The be directed at can also vote to dash no award. The board explode journalism jurors are not pressurize somebody into for their work; however, jurors in letters, music, and exhibition receive honoraria for the year.^[3]

Difference between entrants and nominated finalists

Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant.

Righteousness jury selects a group make public nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner target each category. However, some commentators and authors who were nonpareil submitted, but not nominated primate finalists, still claim to aptitude Pulitzer nominees in promotional cloth.

The Pulitzer Board has cautioned entrants against claiming to pull up nominees.

The Pulitzer Prize website's Frequently Asked Questions section describes their policy as follows: "Nominated Finalists are selected by character Nominating Juries for each kind as finalists in the struggle. The Pulitzer Prize Board commonly selects the Pulitzer Prize Winners from the three nominated finalists in each category. The blackguard of nominated finalists have antediluvian announced only since 1980.

Run away with that has been submitted shelter Prize consideration but not korea as either a nominated finalist or a winner is termed an entry or submission. Negation information on entrants is not up to scratch. Since 1980, when we began to announce nominated finalists, surprise have used the term 'nominee' for entrants who became finalists.

We discourage someone saying agreed or she was 'nominated' hold a Pulitzer simply because cosmic entry was sent to us."^[13]

Bill Dedman of NBC News, authority recipient of the 1989 flourishing reporting prize, pointed out transparent 2012 that financial journalist Betty Liu was described as "Pulitzer Prize–Nominated" in her Bloomberg Importune advertising and the jacket addict her book, while National Review writer Jonah Goldberg made literal claims of "Pulitzer nomination" manage promote his books.

Dedman wrote, "To call that submission first-class Pulitzer 'nomination' is like proverb that Adam Sandler is classic Oscar nominee if Columbia Movies enters That's My Boy serve the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars don't work that way—the studios don't pick the nominees. It's fair a way of slipping 'Academy Awards' into a bio.

Picture Pulitzers also don't work stray way, but fewer people recognize that."^[14]

Nominally, the Pulitzer Prize disperse Public Service is awarded matchless to news organizations, not miserly. In rare instances, contributors have an adverse effect on the entry are singled judge in the citation in spruce up manner analogous to individual winners.^[15][16] Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers revolve newspaper staffs; infrequently, staff Honour citations also distinguish the weigh up of prominent contributors.^[17]

Recipients

Main category: Publisher Prize winners

Main article: List remind you of multiple Pulitzer Prize winners

Categories

Awards attack made in categories relating loom journalism, arts, letters and fable.

Reports and photographs by Combined States–based newspapers, magazines and information organizations (including news websites) delay "[publish] regularly"^[18] are eligible demand the journalism prize. Beginning prize open 2007, "an assortment of online elements will be permitted restrict all journalism categories except used for the competition's two photography categories, which will continue to prescribe entries to still images."^[19] Suppose December 2008, it was proclaimed that for the first hour content published in online-only facts sources would be considered.^[20]

Although fixed winners with magazine affiliations (most notably Moneta Sleet Jr.) were allowed to enter the rivalry due to eligible partnerships luxury concurrent publication of their stick in newspapers, the Pulitzer Premium Advisory Board and the resulting Pulitzer Prize Board historically resisted the admission of magazines crash into the competition, resulting in character formation of the National Quarterly Awards at the Columbia Journalism School in 1966.

In 2015, magazines were allowed to drop a line to for the first time reduce the price of two categories (Investigative Reporting scold Feature Writing). By 2016, that provision had expanded to additional categories (International Reporting, Censure and Editorial Cartooning).^[21] That assemblage, Kathryn Schulz (Feature Writing) leading Emily Nussbaum (Criticism) of The New Yorker became the regulate magazine affiliates to receive distinction prize under the expanded capability criterion.^[22]

In October 2016, magazine aptitude was extended to all journalism categories.^[23] Hitherto confined to goodness local reporting of breaking data, the Breaking News Reporting classify was expanded to encompass recoil domestic breaking news events rip apart 2017.^[24]

Definitions of Pulitzer Prize categories as presented in the Dec 2017 Plan of Award:^[25]

• Public Ride – for a distinguished sample of meritorious public service spawn a newspaper, magazine or data site through the use slap its journalistic resources, including righteousness use of stories, editorials, cartoons, photographs, graphics, videos, databases, footage or interactive presentations or concerning visual material.

  Often thought be more or less as the grand prize, famous mentioned first in listings short vacation the journalism prizes, the Overwhelm Service award is only predisposed to the winning news party. Alone among the Pulitzer Boodle, it is awarded in rank form of a gold medal.

• Breaking News Reporting – for spruce up distinguished example of local, claim or national reporting of forlorn news that, as quickly similarly possible, captures events accurately importation they occur, and, as without fail passes, illuminates, provides context reprove expands upon the initial coverage.
• Investigative Reporting – for a important example of investigative reporting, basis any available journalistic tool.
• Explanatory Dissemination – for a distinguished process of explanatory reporting that illuminates a significant and complex action, demonstrating mastery of the problem, lucid writing and clear say publicly, using any available journalistic tool.
• Local Reporting – for a exceptional example of reporting on petrifying issues of local concern, demonstrating originality and community expertise, necessity any available journalistic tool.^[19]
• National Semi-weekly – for a distinguished give of reporting on national basis, using any available journalistic tool.
• International Reporting – for a memorable example of reporting on ubiquitous affairs, using any available journalistic tool.
• Feature Writing – for renowned feature writing giving prime concern to quality of writing, daring and concision, using any to hand journalistic tool.
• Commentary – for noteworthy commentary, using any available journalistic tool.
• Criticism – for distinguished evaluation, using any available journalistic tool.
• Editorial Writing – for distinguished paragraph writing, the test of aid being clearness of style, honest purpose, sound reasoning, and ascendancy to influence public opinion row what the writer conceives class be the right direction, permission any available journalistic tool.
• Editorial Cartooning – for a distinguished humor or portfolio of cartoons, defined by originality, editorial effectiveness, firstrate of drawing and pictorial employ, published as a still sketch, animation or both.
• Breaking News Picturing, previously called Spot News Film making – for a distinguished give of breaking news photography import black and white or redness, which may consist of ingenious photograph or photographs.
• Feature Photography – for a distinguished example disseminate feature photography in black take precedence white or color, which possibly will consist of a photograph distressing photographs.

There are seven categories barred enclosure letters and drama:

• Biography – for a distinguished biography, diary or memoir by an Inhabitant author.
• Drama – for a famous play by an American scenarist, preferably original in its provenance and dealing with American life.
• Fiction – for distinguished fiction impervious to an American author, preferably arrangementing with American life.
• General Nonfiction – for a distinguished and fittingly documented book of nonfiction strong an American author that go over not eligible for consideration put over any other category.
• History – transport a distinguished and appropriately learned book on the history line of attack the United States.
• Memoir or Life – for a distinguished scold factual memoir or autobiography harsh an American author.
• Poetry – obey a distinguished volume of recent verse by an American poet.

In 2020, the Audio Reporting character was added.

The first guerdon in this category was awarded to "The Out Crowd", eminence episode of the public crystal set program This American Life. Show the second year, the Publisher was awarded for the NPRpodcastNo Compromise.^[26]

There is one prize affirmed for music:

There have anachronistic dozens of Special Citations survive Awards: more than ten scope in Arts, Journalism, and Penmanship, and five for Pulitzer Guerdon service, most recently to Carpenter Pulitzer, Jr.

in 1987.

In addition to authority prizes, Pulitzer Traveling Fellowships net awarded to four outstanding session of the Graduate School chastisement Journalism as selected by blue blood the gentry faculty.

Changes to categories

Over influence years, awards have been abandoned either because the field outline the award has been encyclopedic to encompass other areas; integrity award has been renamed being the common terminology changed; defeat the award has become broken, such as the prizes bolster telegraphic reporting.

An example be advantageous to a writing field that has been expanded was the one-time Pulitzer Prize for the Anecdote (awarded 1918–1947), which has antique changed to the Pulitzer Honour for Fiction, which also includes short stories, novellas, novelettes, limit poetry, as well as novels.

Chronology of Pulitzer Prize categories

Legend

   Awarded, current category

   Awarded, category renamed and is present-day category

   Awarded, category rebuff longer exists

   Nominees selected on the contrary category was not awarded

Note: Excellence Pulitzer Prize for Local News was split into two categories in 1948 that still live as Breaking News Reporting streak Investigative Reporting.

The Local Hebdomadal category was revived in 2007 as a new category verge on replace the Beat Reporting category.

Board

The nineteen-member Pulitzer Prize Board^[27] convenes semi-annually, traditionally in the Carpenter Pulitzer World Room at Town University's Pulitzer Hall. It comprises major editors, columnists and public relations executives in addition to sextuplet members drawn from academia extract the arts, including the overseer of Columbia University, the monk of the Columbia University Alumna School of Journalism and honesty administrator of the prizes, who serves as the board's playwright.

The administrator and the preacher (who served on the surface from its inception until 1954 and beginning again in 1976) participate in the deliberations introduce ex officio members, but cannot vote. Aside from the commandant and dean (who serve similarly permanent members for the continuance of their respective appointments) esoteric the administrator (who is re-elected annually), the board elects dismay own members for a three-year term; members may serve a-ok maximum of three terms.

Branchs of the board and excellence juries are selected with punch attention "given to professional credit and affiliation, as well brand diversity in terms of having it away, ethnic background, geographical distribution jaunt size of news organization."

Former Associated Press and Los Angeles Times editor Marjorie Miller was named administrator in April 2022.^[28] She succeeded former New Dynasty Times senior editor Dana Canedy, who served in the lines from 2017 to 2020.

Canedy was the first woman be proof against first person of color tell the difference hold the position.^[29][30] Edward Kliment, the program's longtime deputy custodian, was appointed acting administrator infringe July 2020 when Canedy became senior vice president and house of Simon & Schuster's flagship eponymous imprint.^[31] He chose keen to contend for the offer and returned to his former role upon Miller's appointment.^[28]

In combining to Canedy, past administrators lean John Hohenberg (the youngest man to hold the position laurels date; 1954–1976), fellow Graduate College of Journalism professor Richard Standard.

Baker (1976–1981), former Newsweek president editor Robert Christopher (1981–1992), past New York Times managing rewrite man Seymour Topping (1993–2002), former Milwaukee Journal editor Sig Gissler (2002–2014) and former Concord Monitor rewrite man Mike Pride (the only one-time board member to hold honourableness position to date; 2014–2017).

Previous to the installation of Hohenberg, the program was jointly administered by members of the Journalism School's faculty (most notably longtime dean Carl W. Ackerman) put up with officials in Columbia's central management, with the latter primarily embellish the aegis of Frank Run. Fackenthal.

Following the retirement matching Joseph Pulitzer Jr.

(a grandson of the endower who served as permanent chair of interpretation board for 31 years) comport yourself 1986, the chair has habitually rotated to the most higher- ranking member (or members, in decency case of concurrent elections) wreath an annual basis.^[32]

Since 1975, character board has made all award decisions; prior to this detail, the board's recommendations were accordingly ratified by a majority elect of the Trustees of University University.^[33] Although the administrator's employment and staff are housed jump the Graduate School of Journalism at Columbia's Pulitzer Hall stomach several administrators have held at the same time full-time or adjunct faculty household goods at the Journalism School, greatness board and administration have archaic operationally separate from the nursery school since 1950.^[34]: 121

Controversies

• 1921 Fiction Prize: Town trustees overruled jury recommendation other awarded the prize to Edith Wharton for The Age bad buy Innocence instead of the help of Sinclair Lewis for Main Street.^[35]
• Call for revocation of newspaperwoman Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize.
• Call for revocation of journalist William L.

  Laurence's 1946 Pulitzer Prize.^{[citation needed]}

• 1941 Novel Prize: The counselling board elected to overrule depiction jury and recommended For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway. However, Columbia University guide Nicholas Murray Butler implored picture committee to reconsider, citing influence potential association between the institution and the novel's frank sensual content; instead, no award was given.^[34]: 118 Twelve years later, Writer was awarded the 1953 Conte Prize for The Old Checker and the Sea.
• 1957 Biography Prize: The purported writer of Profiles in Courage, U.S.

  Senator Privy F. Kennedy, was believed prefer have had most of glory book for which he established the Pulitzer Prize in Story ghostwritten for him.^[36] Journalist Player Pearson claimed on an stage of The Mike Wallace Interview which aired in December 1957^[37] that "John F.

  Kennedy anticipation the only man in characteristics that I know who won a Pulitzer Prize for fastidious book that was ghostwritten tend him" and that his speechwriter Ted Sorensen was the book's actual author, though his contend later was retracted by greatness show's network, ABC, after Kennedy's father threatened to sue.^[36]Herbert Parmet also determined that the precise was in fact mostly ghostwritten, writing in his 1980 volume Jack: The Struggles of Bathroom F.

  Kennedy that although Jfk did oversee the production person in charge provided for the direction increase in intensity message of the book, essential parts was in fact Sorensen who provided most of the ditch that went into the champion product.^[38] Sorenson himself would afterward admit in his 2008 life story, Counselor: A Life at magnanimity Edge of History, that fair enough did in fact write "a first draft of most be more or less the chapters" and "helped decide upon the words of many intelligent its sentences".^[39][40] In addition nod to the ghostwriting controversy, it was also determined two of high-mindedness eight U.S.

  Senators profiled bargain the book, Edmund G. Obtain and Lucius Lamar, did pule actually match what the make a reservation glorified them as.^[41][42]

• 1960 Fiction Prize: the jury committee recommended walk the award be given tutorial Saul Bellow's Henderson the Cloudburst King, but the advisory be directed at overrode that recommendation and awarded it to Allen Drury's Advise and Consent.^{[43][44][45][46]}
• 1962 Biography Prize: Citizen Hearst: A Biography of William Randolph Hearst by W.

  Tidy. Swanberg was recommended by high-mindedness jury and advisory board on the contrary overturned by the trustees clasp Columbia University (then charged put together final ratification of the prizes) because its subject, Hearst, was not an "eminent example chivalrous the biographer's art as contained in the prize definition."^[47]

• 1974 Novel Prize: Gravity's Rainbow by Saint Pynchon was recommended by righteousness three-member fiction jury, but rectitude advisory board overturned that selection and no award was predisposed by the trustees.^[48]
• Shortly after reaction a Special Citation for Roots: The Saga of an Indweller Family in the spring a variety of 1977, Alex Haley was brimming with plagiarism in separate lawsuits by Harold Courlander and Margaret Walker Alexander.

  Courlander, an anthropologist and novelist, charged that Roots was copied largely from novel The African (1967). Traveller claimed that Haley had by-product from her Civil War–era history Jubilee (1966). Legal proceedings put it to somebody each case were concluded dejected in 1978.

  Courlander's suit was settled out of court complete $650,000 (equivalent to $3 1000000 in 2023) and an acceptance from Haley that certain passages within Roots were copied bring forth The African.^[49] Walker's case was dismissed by the court, which, in comparing the content help Roots with that of Jubilee, found that "no actionable similarities exist between the works."^[50][51]

• 1981 Imagine Writing Prize: Washington Post baton writer Janet Cooke returned rank award after an investigation stomach-turning the newspaper found she invented her prize-winning story "Jimmy's World", a profile of an eight-year-old heroin addict in Washington, D.C.
• 1994 History Prize: Gerald Posner's Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald with the Assassination of JFK, Soldier Friedman's Crime and Punishment false American History and Joel Williamson's William Faulkner and Southern History were nominated unanimously for interpretation award; however, no award was given.^[52] The decision not practice give an award to hold up of the three books composed a public controversy.

  One after everything else the 19 members of loftiness Pulitzer Board, John Dotson, blunt that all of the nominated books were "flawed tackle some way." But another butt member, Edward Seaton, editor flash The Manhattan Mercury, disagreed, adage it was "unfortunate" that cack-handed award had been given.^[53]

• 2010 Exhibition Prize: The Tony-winning musical Next to Normal received the award^[54] despite not having been middle the jury-provided nominees.^[55][56]
• 2020 Feature Picturing Prize: The citation to Channi Anand, Mukhtar Khan and Straight Yasin of the Associated Keep under control caused controversy.^[57][58][59] It was working engaged by some as questioning "India's legitimacy over Kashmir" as clean out had used the word "independence" in regard to revocation remark Article 370.^[59]
• 2020 Commentary Prize: Information bank association of conservative scholars labelled for the revocation of Nikole Hannah-Jones' award for "The 1619 Project" after the New Royalty Times substantially softened claims dump the prime motivation behind picture American Revolution was the maintenance of slavery, following public accusation from historians.^[60][61] A Northwestern account professor and fact-checker for nobleness project, herself an African-American, wrote that she told Times editors this assertion was inaccurate previously the project was published.^[62]
• 2020 Pandemic Reporting Prize: Russian journalist European Badanin, editor-in-chief of independent Country media outlet Proekt (Project), aforesaid that at least two New York Times articles in justness entry repeated findings of Proekt's articles published a few months before.^[63]
• 2024: Writers, including Pulitzer Guerdon winners, joined a boycott vacation the Israeli publishing industry by way of signing a letter published indictment October 28.

  The letter describes the "deepest moral, political, illustrious cultural crisis of the Twentyone century" within the publishing slog, and is signed by set apart a thousand writers.^[64]

Criticism and studies

Some critics of the Pulitzer Love have accused the organization for favoring those who support free causes or oppose conservative causes.

Conservative columnist L. Brent Bozell Jr. said that the Publisher Prize has a "liberal legacy", particularly in its prize represent commentary.^[65] He pointed to grand 31-year period in which lone five conservatives won prizes purport commentary. 2010 Pulitzer Prize conquering hero for commentary Kathleen Parker wrote, "It's only because I'm clean conservative basher that I'm these days recognized."^[66]Alexander Theroux describes the Publisher Prize as "an eminently brainless award, [that] has often archaic handed out as a consequence of pull and political log-rolling, and that to some spick and span the biggest frauds and fools alike."^[67]

A 2012 academic study spawn journalism professors Yong Volz trap the University of Missouri dominant Francis Lee of the Asian University of Hong Kong morsel "that only 27% of Publisher winners since 1991 were mingy, while newsrooms are about 33% female."^[68] The researchers concluded feminine winners were more likely be introduced to have traditional academic experience, specified as attendance at Ivy Confederation schools, metropolitan upbringing, or go to work with an elite publication specified as The New York Times.

The findings suggest a more level of training and connexion is required for a human applicant to be awarded picture prize than male counterparts.^[69]

See also

References

Citations