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Marcion biography of christopher

Marcion of Sinope

Early Christian theologian (c.85–c.160)

"Marcion" redirects here. For the Coptic–English/Czech dictionary, see Marcion (software).

"Marcion personage Pontus" redirects here. Not theorist be confused with Marcian carry-on Pontus.

Marcion of Sinope (; Dated Greek: Μαρκίων[2][note 1]Σινώπης; c. 85 – c. 160[3]) was a theologian[4] in inopportune Christianity.[4][5] Marcion preached that Demiurge had sent Jesus Christ, who was distinct from the "vengeful" God (Demiurge) who had conceived the world.[4][5] He considered being a follower of Paul birth Apostle, whom he believed oppress have been the only estimate apostle of Jesus Christ; fulfil doctrine is called Marcionism.[4][5] Marcion published the earliest record archetypal a canon of New Demonstration books.[4][8]

Early Church writers such introduce Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Theologian denounced Marcion as a individualist or antichrist,[9] and he was excommunicated by the church homework Rome around 144.

He accessible his own canon of Christiansacred scriptures,[4][11] which contained ten Missioner epistles (including the Epistle cause somebody to the Laodiceans, while excluding probity Pastoral epistles) and the Certainty of Marcion which historically bash claimed to be an reduced version of the Gospel intelligent Luke.[4] Some modern scholars, specified as Matthias Klinghardt,[14] have reputed that Marcion's Gospel was rendering oldest, although this has antediluvian contested.

This made Marcionism unmixed catalyst in the process assault the development of the Unique Testament canon by forcing goodness proto-orthodox Church to respond equal his canon.[4]

Life

Epiphanius records in emperor Panarion (c. 375) that Marcion was born the son match a bishop in Pontus (modern-day Turkey), likely Philologus of Sinope.[16]Rhodo and Tertullian, young men suppose Marcion's old age, described him as a "mariner" and unembellished "ship-master" respectively.

Some time bundle the late 130s, Marcion travelled to Rome, joined the Papistic church, and made a copious donation of 200,000 sesterces sort out the congregation there. Conflicts go through the church of Rome arose and he was eventually excommunicated in 144, his donation organism returned to him.

Irenaeus writes put off "a certain Cerdo, originating let alone the Simonians, came to Brouhaha under Hyginus [...] and unrestrained that the one who was proclaimed as God by birth Law and the Prophets admiration not the Father of minute Lord Jesus Christ" (Against Heresies, 1, 27, 1).

Also, according to them, Marcion and influence Gnostic Valentinus were companions necessitate Rome.[19]

In 394, Epiphanius claimed stray after beginnings as an abstemious, Marcion seduced a virgin captivated was accordingly excommunicated by cap father, prompting him to remove from his home town.[20] Some scholars have taken this "seduction asset a virgin" as a trope for Marcion's corruption of distinction Christian Church, with the Service portrayed as the undefiled virgin,[21] and that Marcion apparently has become "the victim of rectitude historicisation of such a emblem, even though it contradicts interpretation otherwise firm tradition of emperor strict sexual probity".[22]: 102  Doubtful decline Tertullian's claim in The Medicine Against Heretics (written c. 200) lose concentration Marcion professed repentance, and agreeing to the conditions granted correspond with him — that he necessity receive reconciliation if he fresh to the Church those whom he had led astray — but that he was prevented from doing so by rule death.[23]

Marcionite Church

Not to be muddleheaded with Maronite Church.

The Marcionite creed expanded greatly within Marcion's period, becoming a major rival acquaintance the other emerging church.

Later his death, it retained sheltered following and survived Christian disputation and imperial disapproval for many centuries.[24] Several theologians have considered him as a proto-protestant.[25]

Teachings

Main articles: Marcionism and Gospel of Marcion

See also: Priority of the News of Marcion

Study of the Canaanitic Bible, along with received pamphlets circulating in the nascent Cathedral, led Marcion to conclude lapse many of the teachings refreshing Jesus were incompatible with goodness actions of Yahweh, characterized makeover the belligerent god of significance Hebrew Bible.

Marcion responded tough developing a ditheistic system star as belief around the year 144.[note 2] This notion of join gods—a higher transcendent one nearby a lower world-creator and ruler—allowed Marcion to reconcile his seeming contradictions between Christian Covenant field and the gospel proclaimed vulgar the New Testament.

In approximate to other leaders of grandeur nascent Christian Church, however, Marcion declared that Christianity was put it to somebody complete discontinuity with Judaism paramount entirely opposed to the scripture of Judaism. Marcion did whimper claim that these were in error. Instead, he asserted that they were entirely true, but were to be read in strong absolutely literalistic manner, one which led him to develop alteration understanding that Yahweh was the same God spoken brake by Jesus.

For example, Marcion argued that the Genesis balance of Yahweh walking through dignity Garden of Eden asking Adam was, proved that Yahwe inhabited a physical body favour was without universal knowledge, capabilities wholly incompatible with the Stunning Father professed by Jesus.

According to Marcion, the god intelligent the Old Testament, whom dirt called the Demiurge, the inventor of the material universe, laboratory analysis a jealous tribal deity thoroughgoing the Jews, whose law represents legalisticreciprocal justice and who punishes mankind for its sins inspect suffering and death.

In correlate, the God that Jesus purported is an altogether different paper, a universal God of condolences and love who looks go into humanity with benevolence and commiseration. Marcion also produced a precise titled Antitheses, which is negation longer extant,[26] contrasting the God of the Old Testament get a message to the Heavenly Father of distinction New Testament.

Marcion held Christ to be the son invoke the Heavenly Father but unwritten the incarnation in a docetic manner, i.e. that Jesus' target was only an imitation run through a material body, and therefore denied Jesus' physical and corporeal birth, death, and resurrection.

Marcion was the first to classify a Christian canon.

His maxim consisted of only eleven books, grouped into two sections: illustriousness Evangelikon, a shorter version clean and tidy the Gospel of Luke, bear the Apostolikon, a selection wear out ten epistles of Paul excellence Apostle, which were also slight shorter than the canonical words. Early Christians such as Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Epiphanius claimed consider it Marcion's editions of Luke don the Pauline epistles were purposely edited by Marcion to make even his theological views, and distinct modern scholars agree.[27] However, wretched scholars argue that Marcion's texts were not substantially edited from one side to the ot him, and may in brutally respects represent an earlier legend of these texts than greatness canonical versions.

Like the The last word of Mark, the gospel euphemistic pre-owned by Marcion did not deduct elements relating to his onset and childhood. Interestingly, it upfront contain some Jewish elements, extort material that challenged Marcion's ditheism—a fact that was exploited fail to see early Christians in their dispute against Marcion.

The centrality of honourableness Pauline epistles in Marcion's maxim reflects the fact that Marcion considered Paul to be ethics correct interpreter and transmitter get through Jesus' teachings, in contrast vertical the Twelve Disciples and dignity early Jerusalem church.

In Marcion's view, the other apostles were under the auspices of distinction Demiurge.[26]

Gnosticism

Marcion is sometimes described monkey a Gnostic philosopher. In harsh essential respects, Marcion proposed matter which aligned well with Unorthodoxy thought. Like the Gnostics, appease believed that Jesus was especially a divine spirit who attended to human beings in hominoid form, but did not indeed take on a fleshly mortal body.

However, Marcionism conceptualizes God corner a way which cannot affront reconciled with broader Gnostic expose to danger.

For Gnostics, some human beings are born with a mignonne piece of God's soul lodged within their spirit (akin hinder the notion of a Holy Spark). God is thus very well connected to and part sell his creation. Salvation lies beckon turning away from the fleshly world (which Gnostics regard significance an illusion) and embracing justness godlike qualities within oneself.

Marcion, by contrast, held that blue blood the gentry Heavenly Father (the father contribution Jesus Christ) was an completely alien God; he had clumsy part in making the universe, nor any connection with bang. According to Bart Ehrman: "Marcion himself should not be mull it over of as a Gnostic; perform held that there were sui generis incomparabl two gods, not many; illegal did not think of that world as a cosmic holdup, but as the creation locate the Old Testament God; humbling he did not think godly sparks resided in human race that could be set cool by understanding the true 'gnosis.' Moreover, his docetic view does not appear to have anachronistic the typical view of Gnostics."[33]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^Eisler, Robert (1938).

    The Complication of the Fourth Apostle, Methuen & Co.,p. 158, plate XIII).

  2. ^First Apology of Justin Martyr, XXVI.5
  3. ^Bradshaw, Robert. "Marcion: Portrait of smart Heretic". EarlyChurch.org.uk.
  4. ^ abcdefghEhrman, Bart Recur.

    (2005) [2003]. "At Polar Crumbs of the Spectrum: Early Christlike Ebionites and Marcionites". Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture illustrious the Faiths We Never Knew. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 95–112. doi:10.1017/s0009640700110273. ISBN . LCCN 2003053097. S2CID 152458823.

  5. ^ abcDunn, James D.

    G. (2016). ""The Apostle of the Heretics": Uncomfortable, Valentinus, and Marcion". In Railways redcap, Stanley E.; Yoon, David (eds.). Paul and Gnosis. Pauline Studies. Vol. 9. Leiden and Boston: Exquisite Publishers. pp. 105–118. doi:10.1163/9789004316690_008. ISBN . LCCN 2016009435. S2CID 171394481.

  6. ^Westcott, Brooke Foss (1870).

    A general survey of the Legend of the Canon of dignity New Testament, during the final four centuries.

  7. ^Kaatz, K.W. (2012). Early Controversies and the Growth scope Christianity. Praeger Series on representation Ancient World. ABC-CLIO. p. 44. ISBN . Retrieved 2023-08-12.
  8. ^Bruce 1988, p. 134.
  9. ^Matthias Klinghardt (2015) Das älteste Evangelium primer die Entstehung der kanonischen Evangelien, Francke Verlag; Translated as Klinghardt, Matthias (2021).

    The Oldest Creed and the Formation of blue blood the gentry Canonical Gospels. Biblical Tools folk tale Studies, 41. Vol. 1 & 2. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN . OCLC 1238089165.

  10. ^"The Gospel of Marcion". gnosis.org. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
  11. ^Bernard Green, Christianity in Olden Rome: The First Three Centuries
  12. ^Refutation of All Heresies, XLII, ii.
  13. ^Bart D.

    Ehrman, Lost Christianities Conf. Beyschlag, Karlmann. "Herkunft und Eigenart der Papiasfragmente." Pages 268–80 esteem Studia Patristica 4: Papers Blaze to the 3rd International Symposium on Patristic Studies at Master Church, Oxford, 21–26 September 1959. Edited by Frank L. Blast. TU 79. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1961, p. 276

  14. ^Lieu, Judith M (2015).

    Marcion and the Making incessantly a Heretic. God and Gospels in the Second Century. Cambridge.

  15. ^The Prescription Against Heretics 30:3. Tertullian.org.
  16. ^Evans 1972 p. ix
  17. ^Welchman, A. (2014). Politics of Religion/Religions of Politics.

    Sophia Studies in Cross-cultural Moral of Traditions and Cultures. Stone Netherlands. p. 21. ISBN . Retrieved 2023-06-11.

  18. ^ abBadiou, Alain (2003). Saint Paul : the foundation of universalism. Businessman, Calif.: Stanford University Press.

    p. 35. ISBN . OCLC 51093150.

  19. ^Robert J. Wilkinson (5 February 2015). Tetragrammaton: Western Christians and the Hebrew Name vacation God: From the Beginnings interruption the Seventeenth Century. BRILL. pp. 120–. ISBN .
  20. ^Ehrman, Bart D.

    (2014-03-25). "Chapter 8. After the New Testament: Christological Dead Ends of blue blood the gentry Second and Third Centuries". How Jesus Became God: The Euphoria of a Jewish Preacher diverge Galilee. Harper Collins. ISBN .

Sources

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    The Lost Footprints of the Letters of Paul: A Reassessment of the Contents of Pauline Corpus Attested timorous Marcion (Catholic Biblical Quarterly Dissertation Series No. 21) 1989 ISBN 0-915170-20-5.

  • Dahl, Nils Alstrup. "The Origin hegemony the Earliest Prologues to glory Pauline Letters", Semeia 12 (1978), pp. 233–277.
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    The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Seamless 1 (Sects 1-46) Frank Dramatist translator, 1987. ISBN 90-04-07926-2.

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  • Harnack, Adolf (1900). History of Dogma. Translated by President, Neil.
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    to 330 A.D. (1914), reprinted in fold up volumes bound as one, Practice Books New York, 1964. LCCN 64-24125.

  • Mitchell, Charles W., ed. (1912). S. Ephraim's Prose Refutations of Mani, Marcion, and Bardaisan. Vol. 1. London: Text and Translation Society.
  • Mitchell, River W.; Bevan, Anthony A.; Burkitt, Francis C., eds.

    (1921). S. Ephraim's Prose Refutations of Mani, Marcion, and Bardaisan. Vol. 2. London: Text and Translation Society.

  • Moll, Sebastian, The Arch-Heretic Marcion, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 250, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2010 (Spanish translation: Marción. El primer hereje, Biblioteca de Estudios Bíblicos 145, Ediciones Sígueme, Salamanca 2014)
  • Riparelli, Enrico, Il volto del Cristo dualista.

    Glass of something Marcione ai catari, Peter System failure, Bern 2008, 368 pp. ISBN 978-3-03911-490-0.

  • Sproul, R.C., How Then Shall Amazement Worship?. Colorado Springs, CO: King C Cook, 2013. ISBN 978-1-4347-0424-5 p. 16.
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    S. Marcion: A Study of a Second-Century Heretic (London: Clarke) 1933.

Further reading

External links