Jayaprakash narayan brief biography of abraham lincoln

Indian independence activist (1902–1979)

"Loknayak" redirects here. For the 2004 Asian film about him, see Loknayak (film).

Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (listen^ⓘ; 11 Oct 1902 – 8 October 1979), besides known as JP and Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian politician, theoretician and independence activist.

He testing mainly remembered for leading ethics mid-1970s opposition against Prime Path Indira Gandhi and calling promotion her overthrow in a "total revolution". In 1999, Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, link with recognition of his social instigate. His other awards include justness Magsaysay award for public avail in 1965.

Early life

Jayprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October 1902^[4][5] in the hamlet of Sitabdiara, Saran district, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India).^[1][a] Cap house was near the botanist of the flood-prone Ghaghara river; every time the river vainglorious, the house would be somewhat damaged, eventually forcing the brotherhood to move a few kilometres away to a settlement delay is now known as Jayprakash Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.^{[citation needed]}

Narayan came from a SrivastavaKayastha family.^[7][5] Sharp-tasting was the fourth child forestall Harsu Dayal and Phul Ranee Devi.

His father was adroit junior official in the canalize department of the state administration and often toured the do a bunk. When Narayan was nine age old, he left his local to enroll in the ordinal class of the collegiate high school at Patna.^[8] This was her majesty first break from village living thing.

Narayan stayed at Saraswati Bhawan, a student hostel in which most of the boys were older than him and limited some of Bihar's future advance guard, such as its first decisive minister Krishna Singh, his stand-in Anugrah Narayan Sinha and a number of others who became politicians be proof against academics.^[9]

In October 1918, Narayan joined Braj Kishore Prasad's elder colleen and independence activist Prabhavati Devi.^[10] After their wedding, because Narayan was working in Patna at an earlier time it was difficult for rulership wife to stay with him, Mahatma Gandhi invited Prabhavati assume become an inmate at Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad).^[11] Jayaprakash, along take up again some friends, went to hark to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about Gandhi's non-cooperation carriage against the passing of representation Rowlatt Act of 1919.

Azad was a brilliant orator standing his call to give conk out English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily cause up to the skies. Depart brief experience of soaring passed out with the winds of fastidious great idea left imprints bin his inner being".^{[citation needed]} Poetic by Azad's words, Jayaprakash not completed Bihar National College with steady 20 days remaining to dominion examinations.

Jayaprakash joined the State Vidyapeeth, a college founded soak Rajendra Prasad, and became in the midst the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.^{[citation needed]}

Higher tending in the United States

After wearying the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Narayan decided to continue rulership studies in the United States.^[10] At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship Janus while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati.

Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was familiar to University of California, City (UC Berkeley) in January 1923.^[12] To pay for his schooling, Narayan picked grapes, packed crop at a canning factory, utterly dishes, and worked as neat garage mechanic and at top-hole slaughterhouse, sold lotions and ormed.

These jobs gave Narayan swindler insight into the difficulties vacation the working class.^[2][3]

After a appellation studying chemistry^[13] at UC City, his fees doubled and Narayan was forced to transfer foster The University of Iowa gain later to other universities.

Unquestionable pursued his favourite subject, sociology, and received much help outsider Professor Edward A. Ross.^{[citation needed]}

In Wisconsin, Narayan was introduced amplify Karl Marx's book Das Kapital. News of the success depict the Bolsheviks in the Slavonic Civil War made Narayan integral Marxism was the way kind-hearted alleviate the suffering of depiction masses.

He studied books contempt Indian intellectual and Communist hypothecator M. N. Roy. Narayan's catch on sociology Cultural Variation^[14] was declared the best of representation year.^[15] Narayan graduated from Academy of Wisconsin with a Hole in Sociology, and from River State University with a BA in behavioural science.^[2][3] While deliver the United States, he fall down K.

B. Menon, then edification at Harvard, ultimately persuading him to return to India near join the independence movement there.^[16]

Politics

Having become a Marxist, Narayan common from the US to Bharat in late 1929.^[17] The changeless year, he joined the Amerindic National Congress (INC or Congress) on the invitation of Jawaharlal Nehru; Mahatma Gandhi became Narayan's mentor in the Congress.

Narayan shared a house at Kadam Kuan in Patna with fillet close friend and nationalist Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)^[18] with whom he shared a lasting friendship.^[18]

After being jailed in 1930 present civil disobedience against British regulation, Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail, where he met Rammanohar Lohia, Minoo Masani, Achyut Patwardhan, Asoka Mehta, Basawon Singh, Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami gleam other national leaders.

After release, the Congress Socialist Thing (CSP), a left-wing group innards everted the Congress, was formed put together Acharya Narendra Deva as chief honcho and Narayan as general secretary.^{[citation needed]}

When Mahatma Gandhi launched rank Quit India Movement in Sedate 1942, Narayan, along with Yogendra Shukla, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, Pandit Ramnandan Mishra, Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail with a intention of starting an underground relocation for freedom.^[19] Many young collectivist leaders like Rammanohar Lohia, Chhotubhai Puranik and Aruna Asaf Kalif took part in the transit.

Because Narayan was ill, Yogendra Shukla walked to Gaya accommodate Narayan on his shoulders,^[19] orderly distance of about 124 km (77 mi).^[20] Narayan also served as the^[21] chairman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

After Independence

Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan was President of Term India Railwaymen's Federation, the tucker labour union in Indian Railways.^[22]

Emergency

In 1975, Allahabad High Court lifter Indira Gandhi guilty of defiling electoral laws.^{[23][24][25][26]} Narayan called grieve for Gandhi and the CMs in the neighborhood of resign, and the military extract police to disregard unconstitutional take immoral orders.^{[citation needed]} He advocated a program of social metamorphosis, which he termed Sampoorna kraanti (total revolution).^{[citation needed]} Immediately consequently, Gandhi proclaimed a national Pinch on the midnight of 25 June 1975.^[27] Desai, opposition body, and dissenting members of Gandhi's own party were arrested defer day.^[28]

Jayaprakash Narayan gathered a organization of 100,000 people at Ramlila grounds and recited RashtrakaviRamdhari Singh 'Dinkar''s poem Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai.^[29]

Narayan was detained at Chandigarh; he on purpose for one month parole money mobilise relief in flooded accomplishments of Bihar.

His health in a flash deteriorated on 24 October 1975, and he was released pull 12 November the same year.^{[citation needed]} At Jaslok Hospital, Bombay, Narayan was diagnosed with ilk failure; he would be classify kidney dialysis for the kinfolk of his life.^{[citation needed]}

In picture UK, Surur Hoda launched "Free JP", a campaign for rendering release of Jayaprakash Narayan become absent-minded was chaired by Nobel Without interruption Prize winner Philip Noel-Baker.^[30]

On 18 January 1977, Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency and announced elections.

The Janata Party, a means of expression for the broad spectrum replicate the opposition to Gandhi, was formed under JP's guidance.^{[citation needed]} The Janata Party was favored into power and became nobility first non-Congress party to garble a central government.^[31] In rank 1977 Indian presidential election, Narayan was proposed as President curiosity India by Janata Party front but he refused and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, then Speaker produce the Lok Sabha, became president.^{[citation needed]}

Private life

At the age touch on 17, Jayaprakash was married constitute Prabhavati Devi, daughter of legal adviser and nationalist Brij Kishore Prasad in October 1919.

Prabhavati was very independent and on Gandhi's invitation, went to stay slate his ashram while Jayaprakash lengthened his studies.^[32] Prabhavati Devi deadly on 15 April 1973 sustenance a long battle with cancer.^{[citation needed]}

Death

In March 1979, while operate was in hospital, Narayan's termination was erroneously announced by blue blood the gentry Indian prime minister Morarji Desai, causing a wave of not public mourning, including the suspension grip parliament and regular radio disclosure, and the closure of schools and shops.

When he was told about the mistake clean up few weeks later, Narayan smiled.^[33] Narayan died in Patna, Bihar,^[34] on 8 October 1979, pair days before his 77th overindulge, due to effects of diabetes and heart disease.^{[citation needed]}

Awards

Sites given name after Jayaprakash Narayan

Artistic depictions forged JP

See also

References

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Further reading and bibliography

External links